Aim Verification of Superposition Theorem Apparatus Breadboard, Batteries or DC regulated power supply, Resistors, Digital multimeter, Connecting wires, Alligator clips, Computer and Multisim software for simulation. Theory Statement: If a number of voltage or current source are acting simultaneously in a linear network, the resultant current in any branch is the algebraic sum of the […]
Aim Verification of Kirchhoff’s laws Apparatus Breadboard, Batteries or DC regulated power supply, Resistors, Multimeter, Connecting wires, Alligator clips, PC with Multisim software for simulation. Theory Kirchhoff’s Current Law This law is also called Kirchhoff’s point rule, Kirchhoff’s junction law (or nodal law), and Kirchhoff’s first law. Statement: The algebraic sum of all the currents
A difference amplifier is a circuit in which the output voltage is proportional to the difference between the input voltages. Difference amplifier using op-amp can be obtained by connecting voltages to both input terminals of op-amp. Difference amplifier is also known as Differential amplifier or Subtractor (with few changes). Circuit Diagram In difference amplifier one
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Summing amplifiers or adders are the amplifier circuits which can add more than one input signal. It is possible to apply more than one input signal to an inverting or non-inverting terminal of op-amp. The summing amplifier then add all these input signals to produce their addition at the output. Depending on the polarity of
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Numerical calculations obviously involve the operation (i.e., addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.) of numbers. Numbers can be integers (e.g., 5,10, -16 etc.), fractions (e.g., -5/6, etc.), or an infinite string of digits (e.g., π=3.1415926535…). In numerical analysis we deal with numerical values and calculations. There are several concepts that must be considered Number representation Significant digits
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Computational method is the study of algorithms that use numerical approximation for the problems of mathematical analysis. Some common ideas and concepts of computational methods are explained in this article. Computational Methods Numerical mathematics has been used for centuries in one form or another within many areas of science and industry but modern scientific computing using electronic computers
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In introduction to numerical methods, the definition, need and applications of Numerical methods are explained. The word “Numerical Method” is synonymous to “Numerical Analysis”, “Computational Methods”. What is Numerical Method? In reality “Solving a math problem” generally involves finding an answer rather than exact answer. Numerical analysis is the study of algorithms that use numerical approximation for the problems of mathematical analysis. A
In Op-amps the closed loop configuration is widely used. The closed loop op-amp circuit may be an inverting or a non-inverting circuit. While analysing these configurations the virtual short and virtual ground concepts are used. According to dictionary the word ‘Virtual’ means “almost a particular thing or quality” or “created by computer technology and appearing
Closed Loop Configuration When a part of output is fed back (given) to the input it is called closed loop configuration. It means that some kind of feedback is introduced in the circuit. In this article, following four circuits of closed loop configuration of Op-amp are explained. Inverting amplifier Sign changer Non-inverting amplifier Voltage follower
What is Thermal Conductivity? Thermal conductivity refers to the ability of a given material to conduct or transfer heat. There are many techniques of Thermal conductivity measurement, in this article two main techniques are explained. Thermal conductivity is generally denoted by the symbol ‘k’ but can also be denoted by ‘λ’ and ‘κ’. The SI unit of
